大写字母为啥叫capital

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capital有罗马式圆柱的柱头的意思：

SPQR这几个字母是大写。可理解为写在柱头上的那种写法。he letters SPQR are the abbreviation of the Latin phrase Senatus Populusque Romanus, which translates to "The Senate and People of Rome".

Why Do We Use Capital Letters? (babbel.com) 则说：

The phrase "capital letter," though, didn't appear until the 14th century CE [=AD]. This might be a sign that the concept didn't become commonplace until around then. The term itself comes from the Latin capit, meaning "head," because the capital letter came at the "head" of the sentence. On another etymological note, "uppercase" is used because in the days of typesetting when books had to be laid out with metal pieces for each letter, capital letters were kept in their own "case," which was usually the one on top.

没图。这里有图：

所以case就是箱子的意思。boocase, briefcase, suitcase.

Caps Lock是的Caps是Capital Letters的缩写。James interviewed Kerr, who said he invented the “Caps” key because his boss’s secretary was frustrated by typing strings of characters like “@#$%” instead of numbers when Shift Lock was enabled. The History of Caps Lock: Why Does the Caps Lock Key Exist?

shift: 1. 改变位置或方向；2. 换挡

tolower - C++ Reference (cplusplus.com)

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