基于Containerd容器引擎和kubeadm工具部署K8sv1.26.3

2023/4/14 1:22:03

编程Tag： Dashboard k8s 云计算 Kubernetes Containerd 云原生 kubeadm 容器编排系统

本文主要是介绍基于Containerd容器引擎和kubeadm工具部署K8sv1.26.3，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

　　前文我了解了基于ubuntu2204部署containerd容器引擎以及containerd客户端工具的部署和使用相关话题，回顾请参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/17301455.html；今天我们来使用基于containerd容器引擎，使用kubeadm工具部署k8s；

　　kubernetes master节点及node节点各核心组件的功能概述

　　master节点主要组件概述

　　master节点主要是k8s的控制节点，在master节点上主要有三个组件必不可少，apiserver、scheduler和controllermanager；etcd是集群的数据库，是非常核心的组件，一般是单独的一个集群；主要用来存储k8s集群各组件的配置信息以及各类状态信息；

　　apiserver：apiserver组件主要负责接入请求、认证用户合法性以及提交资源请求的准入控制，是管理k8s集群的唯一入口，也是读写etcd中数据的唯一组件；其工作原理是集群各组件通过tcp会话，一直监视（watch）apiserver之上的资源变化，一旦有与之相关的资源变化，对应组件会通过apiserver到etcd中去获取应配置信息，然后根据etcd中的配置信息，做对应的操作，然后把操作后的状态信息再通过apiserver写入etcd中；apiserver认证和准入控制过程，用户通过https将管理集群的请求发送给apiserver，apiserver收到对应请求后，首先会验证用户的身份信息以及合法性；这个认证主要通过用户提供的证书信息；如果用户提供的证书信息apiserver能够再etcd中完全匹配到对应信息，那么apiserver会认为该用户是一个合法的用户；除此之外，apiserver还会对用户提交的资源请求进行准入控制，所谓准入控制是指对应用户提交的资源请求做语法格式检查，如果用户提交的请求，不满足apiserver中各api的格式或语法定义，则对应请求同样会被禁止，只有通过了apiserver的认证和准入控制规则以后，对应资源请求才会通过apiserver存入etcd中或从etcd中获取，然后被其他组件通过watch机制去发现与自己相关的消息事件，从而完成用户的资源请求；简单讲apiserver主要作用就是接入用户请求（这里主要是指管理员的各种管理请求和各组件链接apiserver的请求）认证用户合法性以及提交资源请求的准入控制；集群其他组件的数据的读写是不能直接在etcd中读写的，必须通过apiserver代理它们的请求到etcd中做对应数据的操作；

　　scheduler：scheduler主要负责为待调度Pod列表的每个Pod从可用Node列表中选择一个最适合的Node，并将信息写入etcd中。node节点上的kubelet通过APIServer监听到kubernetesScheduler产生的Pod绑定信息，然后获取对应的Pod清单，下载Image，并启动容器；这个过程会经历两个阶段，第一个阶段时预选阶段，所谓预选就是通过判断pod所需的卷是否和节点已存在的卷冲突，判读备选节点的资源是否满足备选pod的需求，判断备选系欸但是否包含备选pod的标签选择器指定的标签，以及节点亲和性、污点和污点容忍度的关系来判断pod是否满足节点容忍度的一些条件；来筛选掉不满足pod运行的节点，剩下的节点会进入第二阶段的优选过程；所谓优选就是在通过预选策略留下来的节点中再通过优选策略来选择一个最适合运行pod的节点来；如优先从备用节点列表中选择消耗资源最小的节点（通过cpu和内存来计算资源得分，消耗越少，得分越高，即谁的得分高就把pod调度到对应节点上）；优先选择含有指定Label的节点。优先从备选节点列表中选择各项资源使用率最均衡的节点。使用Pod中tolerationList与节点Taint进行匹配并实现pod调度；简单讲scheduler主要作用就是为pod找到一个合适运行的node；通过预选和优选两个节点来实现pod的调度，然后把调度信息写入到etcd中；

　　controllermanager：controllermanager主要用来管理集群的其他控制器，比如副本控制器、节点控制器、命名空间控制器和服务账号控制器等；控制器作为集群内部的管理控制中心，负责集群内的Node、Pod副本、服务端点（Endpoint）、命名空间（Namespace）、服务账号（ServiceAccount）、资源定额（ResourceQuota）的管理，当某个Node意外宕机时，ControllerManager会及时发现并执行自动化修复流程，确保集群中的pod副本始终处于预期的工作状态。controller-manager控制器每间隔5秒检查一次节点的状态。如果controller-manager控制器没有收到自节点的心跳，则将该node节点被标记为不可达。controller-manager将在标记为无法访问之前等待40秒。如果该node节点被标记为无法访问后5分钟还没有恢复，controller-manager会删除当前node节点的所有pod并在其它可用节点重建这些pod；简单讲controllermanager主要负责集群pod副本始终处于用于期望的状态，如果对应pod不满足用户期望状态，则controllermanager会调用对应控制器，通过重启或重建的方式让对应pod始终和用户期望状态保持一致；

　　node节点主要组件概述

　　kube-proxy：kube-proxy是k8s网络代理，运行在node之上它反映了node上KubernetesAPI中定义的服务，并可以通过一组后端进行简单的TCP、UDP和SCTP流转发或者在一组后端进行循环TCP、UDP和SCTP转发，用户必须使用apiserverAPI创建一个服务来配置代理，其实就是kube-proxy通过在主机上维护网络规则并执行连接转发来实现Kubernetes服务访问；kube-proxy运行在每个节点上，监听APIServer中服务对象的变化，再通过管理IPtables或者IPVS规则来实现网络的转发；IPVS相对IPtables效率会更高一些，使用IPVS模式需要在运行Kube-Proxy的节点上安装ipvsadm、ipset工具包和加载ip_vs内核模块，当Kube-Proxy以IPVS代理模式启动时，Kube-Proxy将验证节点上是否安装了IPVS模块，如果未安装，则Kube-Proxy将回退到IPtables代理模式；使用IPVS模式，Kube-Proxy会监视KubernetesService对象和Endpoints，调用宿主机内核Netlink接口以相应地创建IPVS规则并定期与KubernetesService对象Endpoints对象同步IPVS规则，以确保IPVS状态与期望一致，访问服务时，流量将被重定向到其中一个后端Pod,IPVS使用哈希表作为底层数据结构并在内核空间中工作，这意味着IPVS可以更快地重定向流量，并且在同步代理规则时具有更好的性能，此外，IPVS为负载均衡算法提供了更多选项，例如：rr(轮询调度)、lc(最小连接数)、dh(目标哈希)、sh(源哈希)、sed(最短期望延迟)、nq(不排队调度)等。kubernetesv1.11之后默认使用IPVS，默认调度算法为rr；

　　kubelet：kubelet是运行在每个worker节点的代理组件，它会监视已分配给节点的pod；它主要功能有，向master汇报node节点的状态信息；接受指令并在Pod中创建docker容器；准备Pod所需的数据卷；返回pod的运行状态；在node节点执行容器健康检查；

　　客户端工具组件

　　1、命令行工具kubectl：它时一个通过命令行对k8s集群进行管理的客户端工具；工作逻辑是，默认情况是在用户家目录的.kube目录中查找一个名为config的配置文件，这个配置文件主要是保存用于连接k8s集群的认证信息；当然我们也可以使用设置KUBECONFIG环境变量或者使用--kubeconfig参数来指定kubeconfig配置文件来使用此工具；

　　2、Dashboard：该工具是基于web网页的k8s客户端工具；我们可以使用该web页面查看集群中的应用概览信息，也可以创建或者修改k8s资源，也可以对deployment实现弹性伸缩、发起滚动升级、删除pod或这是用向导创建新的应用；

　　基于ubuntu2204，containerd为容器引擎部署K8S

　　1、系统优化

　　添加内核参数

root@k8s-master01:~# cat <<EOF >>/etc/sysctl.conf
> net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
> vm.max_map_count=262144
> kernel.pid_max=4194303
> fs.file-max=1000000
> net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=6000
> net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2097152
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
> vm.swappiness=0
> EOF
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　应用上述配置，使其内核参数生效

root@k8s-master01:~# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.max_map_count = 262144
kernel.pid_max = 4194303
fs.file-max = 1000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: No such file or directory
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: No such file or directory
vm.swappiness = 0
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：这里提示bridge-nf-call-ip6tables和bridge-nf-call-iptables没有找到文件；其原因是br_netfilter模块没有挂载；

　　挂载br_netfilter内核模块

root@k8s-master01:~# lsmod |grep br_netfilter
root@k8s-master01:~# modprobe br_netfilter
root@k8s-master01:~# lsmod |grep br_netfilter
br_netfilter           32768  0
bridge                307200  1 br_netfilter
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　再次使用sysctl -p命令看看 bridge-nf-call-ip6tables和bridge-nf-call-iptables是否还会包未找到文件呢？

root@k8s-master01:~# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.max_map_count = 262144
kernel.pid_max = 4194303
fs.file-max = 1000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2097152
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
vm.swappiness = 0
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　内核模块开机挂载

root@k8s-master01:~# cat <<EOF >>/etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf
> ip_vs
> ip_vs_lc
> ip_vs_lblc
> ip_vs_lblcr
> ip_vs_rr
> ip_vs_wrr
> ip_vs_sh
> ip_vs_dh
> ip_vs_fo
> ip_vs_nq
> ip_vs_sed
> ip_vs_ftp
> ip_vs_sh
> ip_tables
> ip_set
> ipt_set
> ipt_rpfilter
> ipt_REJECT
> ipip
> xt_set
> br_netfilter
> nf_conntrack
> overlay
> EOF
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：上述配置需要重启或者使用modprobe命令分别加载；如： tail -23 /etc/modules-load.d/modules.conf |xargs -L1 modprobe；

　　安装ipvs管理工具和一些依赖包

root@k8s-master01:~# apt update && apt install bash-completion conntrack ipset ipvsadm jq libseccomp2 nfs-common psmisc rsync socat -y

　　配置资源限制

root@k8s-master01:~# tail -10 /etc/security/limits.conf
root    soft    core            unlimited
root    hard    core            unlimited
root    soft    nproc           1000000
root    hard    nproc           1000000
root    soft    nofile          1000000
root    hard    nofile          1000000
root    soft    memlock         32000
root    hard    memlock         32000
root    soft    msgqueue        8192000
root    hard    msgqueue        8192000
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：配置上述资源限制重启服务器生效；

　　禁用swap设备

root@k8s-master01:~# free -mh
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3.8Gi       330Mi       2.2Gi       1.0Mi       1.3Gi       3.2Gi
Swap:          3.8Gi          0B       3.8Gi
root@k8s-master01:~# swapoff -a
root@k8s-master01:~# free -mh  
               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3.8Gi       329Mi       2.2Gi       1.0Mi       1.3Gi       3.2Gi
Swap:             0B          0B          0B
root@k8s-master01:~# cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-yecQxSAXrKdCNj1XNrQeaacvLAmKdL5SVadOXV0zHSlfkdpBEsaVZ9erw8Ac9gpm / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sda2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/80fe59b8-eb79-4ce9-a87d-134bc160e976 /boot ext4 defaults 0 1
#/swap.img      none    swap    sw      0       0
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　2、基于脚本自动化安装containerd

root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# cat runtime-install.sh
#!/bin/bash
DIR=`pwd`
PACKAGE_NAME="docker-20.10.19.tgz"
DOCKER_FILE=${DIR}/${PACKAGE_NAME}
#read -p "请输入使用docker server的普通用户名称，默认为docker:" USERNAME
if test -z ${USERNAME};then
  USERNAME=docker
fi
centos_install_docker(){
  grep "Kernel" /etc/issue &> /dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    /bin/echo  "当前系统是`cat /etc/redhat-release`,即将开始系统初始化、配置docker-compose与安装docker" && sleep 1
    systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && echo "防火墙已关闭" && sleep 1
    systemctl stop NetworkManager && systemctl disable NetworkManager && echo "NetworkManager" && sleep 1
    sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux && setenforce  0 && echo "selinux 已关闭" && sleep 1
    \cp ${DIR}/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf 
    \cp ${DIR}/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf
    /bin/tar xvf ${DOCKER_FILE}
    \cp docker/*  /usr/local/bin
    mkdir /etc/docker && \cp daemon.json /etc/docker

    \cp containerd.service /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
    \cp docker.service  /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
    \cp docker.socket /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket

    \cp ${DIR}/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64_1.28.6 /usr/bin/docker-compose
    
    groupadd docker && useradd docker -s /sbin/nologin -g docker
    id -u  ${USERNAME} &> /dev/null
    if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
      useradd ${USERNAME}
      usermod ${USERNAME} -G docker
    else 
      usermod ${USERNAME} -G docker
    fi
    docker_install_success_info
  fi
}

ubuntu_install_docker(){
  grep "Ubuntu" /etc/issue &> /dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
    /bin/echo  "当前系统是`cat /etc/issue`,即将开始系统初始化、配置docker-compose与安装docker" && sleep 1
    \cp ${DIR}/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf
    \cp ${DIR}/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf
    
    /bin/tar xvf ${DOCKER_FILE}
    \cp docker/*  /usr/local/bin 
    mkdir /etc/docker && \cp daemon.json /etc/docker

    \cp containerd.service /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
    \cp docker.service  /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
    \cp docker.socket /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket

    \cp ${DIR}/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64_1.28.6 /usr/bin/docker-compose

    groupadd docker && useradd docker -r -m -s /sbin/nologin -g docker
    id -u  ${USERNAME} &> /dev/null
    if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
      groupadd  -r  ${USERNAME}
      useradd -r -m -s /bin/bash -g ${USERNAME} ${USERNAME}
      usermod ${USERNAME} -G docker
    else
      usermod ${USERNAME} -G docker
    fi  
    docker_install_success_info
  fi
}

ubuntu_install_containerd(){
  DIR=`pwd`
  PACKAGE_NAME="containerd-1.6.20-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
  CONTAINERD_FILE=${DIR}/${PACKAGE_NAME}
  NERDCTL="nerdctl-1.3.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
  CNI="cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.2.0.tgz"
  RUNC="runc.amd64"
  
  mkdir -p /etc/containerd /etc/nerdctl
  tar xvf ${CONTAINERD_FILE} &&  cp bin/* /usr/local/bin/
  \cp runc.amd64   /usr/bin/runc && chmod  a+x /usr/bin/runc
  \cp config.toml  /etc/containerd/config.toml
  \cp containerd.service /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service

  #CNI 
  mkdir  /opt/cni/bin -p 
  tar xvf ${CNI}  -C  /opt/cni/bin/

  #nerdctl
  tar xvf ${NERDCTL}  -C /usr/local/bin/
  \cp nerdctl.toml /etc/nerdctl/nerdctl.toml

  containerd_install_success_info
}

containerd_install_success_info(){
    /bin/echo "正在启动containerd server并设置为开机自启动!" 
    #start containerd  service
    systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl  restart  containerd && systemctl  enable containerd
    /bin/echo "containerd is:" `systemctl  is-active  containerd`
    sleep 0.5 && /bin/echo "containerd server安装完成,欢迎进入containerd的容器世界!" && sleep 1
}

docker_install_success_info(){
    /bin/echo "正在启动docker server并设置为开机自启动!" 
    systemctl  enable containerd.service && systemctl  restart containerd.service
    systemctl  enable docker.service && systemctl  restart docker.service
    systemctl  enable docker.socket && systemctl  restart docker.socket
    sleep 0.5 && /bin/echo "docker server安装完成,欢迎进入docker世界!" && sleep 1
}

usage(){
    echo "使用方法为[shell脚本  containerd|docker]"
}

main(){
  RUNTIME=$1
  case ${RUNTIME}  in 
    docker)
      centos_install_docker  
      ubuntu_install_docker
      ;;
    containerd)
      ubuntu_install_containerd
      ;;
    *)
      usage;
    esac;
}

main $1
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src#

　　提示：上述脚本主要用几个函数来描述了在centos和ubuntu系统之上安装docker、docker-compose和containerd相关步骤；使用该脚本，需要将所需安装二进制包，配置文件都放置与脚本同一目录；

　　运行脚本安装containerd

root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# sh runtime-install.sh containerd
bin/
bin/containerd-shim
bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1
bin/containerd-stress
bin/containerd
bin/ctr
bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2
./
./loopback
./bandwidth
./ptp
./vlan
./host-device
./tuning
./vrf
./sbr
./dhcp
./static
./firewall
./macvlan
./dummy
./bridge
./ipvlan
./portmap
./host-local
nerdctl
containerd-rootless-setuptool.sh
containerd-rootless.sh
正在启动containerd server并设置为开机自启动!
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service.
containerd is: active
containerd server安装完成,欢迎进入containerd的容器世界!
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src#

　　验证：containerd是否安装成功，nerdctl是否可正常使用？

root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# systemctl status containerd
● containerd.service - containerd container runtime
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-04-12 08:13:02 UTC; 59s ago
       Docs: https://containerd.io
   Main PID: 1136 (containerd)
      Tasks: 10
     Memory: 13.7M
        CPU: 609ms
     CGroup: /system.slice/containerd.service
             └─1136 /usr/local/bin/containerd

Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.134059545Z" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.032924s"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: Started containerd container runtime.
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.133927633Z" level=info msg="Start recovering state"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.135031130Z" level=info msg="Start event monitor"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.135070328Z" level=info msg="Start snapshots syncer"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.135083377Z" level=info msg="Start cni network conf syncer for default"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc containerd[1136]: time="2023-04-12T08:13:02.135089191Z" level=info msg="Start streaming server"
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service:1: Assignment outside of section. Ignoring.
Apr 12 08:13:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service:1: Assignment outside of section. Ignoring.
Apr 12 08:14:02 k8s-master01.ik8s.cc systemd[1]: /lib/systemd/system/containerd.service:1: Assignment outside of section. Ignoring.
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS    NAMES
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src#

　　跑一个nginx容器看看是否可以正常跑起来？

root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS    NAMES
docker.io/library/nginx:latest:                                                   resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:dbf632af6963e56f6b3fc4196578b75742482490c236f5009b3e68cf93a62997:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:bfb112db4075460ec042ce13e0b9c3ebd982f93ae0be155496d050bb70006750: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:080ed0ed8312deca92e9a769b518cdfa20f5278359bd156f3469dd8fa532db6b:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:9862f2ee2e8cd9dab487d7dc2152a3f76cb503772dfb8e830973264340d6233e:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:f1f26f5702560b7e591bef5c4d840f76a232bf13fd5aefc4e22077a1ae4440c7:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:86b2457cc2b0d68200061e3420623c010de5e6fb184e18328a46ef22dbba490a:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:7f7f30930c6b1fa9e421ba5d234c3030a838740a22a42899d3df5f87e00ea94f:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:e1eeb0f1c06b25695a5b9df587edf4bf12a5af9432696811dd8d5fcfd01d7949:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:2836b727df80c28853d6c505a2c3a5959316e48b1cff42d98e70cb905b166c82:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 18.5s                                                                    total:  54.4 M (2.9 MiB/s)                                       
83f7da147436d7f621fd85e9546f44beed9511525f17bf1dc2c01230108d31a9
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl ps 
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE                             COMMAND                   CREATED           STATUS    PORTS                 NAMES
83f7da147436    docker.io/library/nginx:latest    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    12 seconds ago    Up        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    nginx-83f7d
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src#

　　浏览器访问master01的IP地址80端口，看看nginx是否能够正常访问？

　　提示：能够看到我们刚才跑的nginx容器是可以正常访问的，说明我们基于自动化脚本部署的containerd容器环境已经准备好了；

　　删除容器测试

root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl ps 
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE                             COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS    PORTS                 NAMES
83f7da147436    docker.io/library/nginx:latest    "/docker-entrypoint.…"    4 minutes ago    Up        0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp    nginx-83f7d
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl rm -f 83f7da147436
83f7da147436
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src# nerdctl ps -a
CONTAINER ID    IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS    NAMES
root@k8s-master01:/usr/local/src#

　　3、配置apt源并安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

root@k8s-master01:~# apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https -y
root@k8s-master01:~# curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg |apt-key add -
root@k8s-master01:~# cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
> deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
> EOF
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

root@k8s-master01:~# apt update && apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.26.3-00 kubectl=1.26.3-00 kubelet=1.26.3-00

　　提示：添加了软件源以后，必须使用apt update命令来更新源；然后可以使用apt-cache madison kubeadm来查看仓库中所有kubeadm版本，如果要安装指定版本的软件，可以使用上述方式，如果不指定就是安装仓库中最新版本；

　　验证kubeadm的版本信息

root@k8s-master01:~# kubeadm  version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.3", GitCommit:"9e644106593f3f4aa98f8a84b23db5fa378900bd", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-03-15T13:38:47Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.7", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　查看部署k8s所需的镜像

root@k8s-master01:~# kubeadm config images list  --kubernetes-version v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-scheduler:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/kube-proxy:v1.26.3
registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9
registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.6-0
registry.k8s.io/coredns/coredns:v1.9.3
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：上述列出部署k8s v1.26.3版本所需镜像；上述镜像在国内需要代理才可以正常下载，解决方案有两个，第一个是使用国内阿里云的镜像仓库中的镜像；第二就是使用代理；

　　第一种方式，使用阿里云镜像仓库中的镜像

root@k8s-master01:~# kubeadm config images list  --kubernetes-version v1.26.3 --image-repository="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers"
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.26.3
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.3
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.26.3
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.26.3
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.6-0
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.9.3
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：可以使用--image-repository选项来指定镜像仓库地址；下载和初始化集群master节点的时候也是用相同选项指定镜像仓库地址即可；

　　第二种方式，在crt终端使用export 导出代理配置到当前终端环境变量

root@k8s-master01:~# export https_proxy=http://192.168.0.80:8123
root@k8s-master01:~# export http_proxy=http://192.168.0.80:8123 
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：后面写自己的代理服务器IP地址和端口；

　　验证当前终端是否是代理服务的IP地址？

　　测试，使用nerdctl命令行工具，下载registry.k8s.io/etcd:3.5.6-0镜像，看看可以正常下载下来？

　　提示：可以看到现在直接下载谷歌仓库中的镜像是没有问题；这种方式网速稍微有点慢，建议使用国内仓镜像库；

　　下载部署k8s所需的镜像并指定从阿里云仓库下载

root@k8s-master01:~# kubeadm config images pull  --kubernetes-version v1.26.3 --image-repository="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers"
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.26.3
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.5.6-0
[config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.9.3
root@k8s-master01:~# nerdctl images
REPOSITORY                                                         TAG        IMAGE ID        CREATED           PLATFORM       SIZE         BLOB SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                    v1.9.3     8e352a029d30    6 seconds ago     linux/amd64    47.0 MiB     14.2 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns                    <none>     8e352a029d30    6 seconds ago     linux/amd64    47.0 MiB     14.2 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                       3.5.6-0    dd75ec974b0a    11 seconds ago    linux/amd64    289.3 MiB    97.8 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd                       <none>     dd75ec974b0a    11 seconds ago    linux/amd64    289.3 MiB    97.8 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver             v1.26.3    b8dda58b0c68    44 seconds ago    linux/amd64    131.4 MiB    33.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver             <none>     b8dda58b0c68    44 seconds ago    linux/amd64    131.4 MiB    33.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager    v1.26.3    28c0deb96fd8    37 seconds ago    linux/amd64    121.3 MiB    30.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager    <none>     28c0deb96fd8    37 seconds ago    linux/amd64    121.3 MiB    30.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                 v1.26.3    d89b6c6a8ecc    29 seconds ago    linux/amd64    66.9 MiB     20.5 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy                 <none>     d89b6c6a8ecc    29 seconds ago    linux/amd64    66.9 MiB     20.5 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler             v1.26.3    ef87c0880906    33 seconds ago    linux/amd64    57.5 MiB     16.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler             <none>     ef87c0880906    33 seconds ago    linux/amd64    57.5 MiB     16.7 MiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                      3.9        7031c1b28338    27 seconds ago    linux/amd64    732.0 KiB    314.0 KiB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause                      <none>     7031c1b28338    27 seconds ago    linux/amd64    732.0 KiB    314.0 KiB
<none>                                                             <none>     b8dda58b0c68    44 seconds ago    linux/amd64    131.4 MiB    33.7 MiB
<none>                                                             <none>     8e352a029d30    6 seconds ago     linux/amd64    47.0 MiB     14.2 MiB
<none>                                                             <none>     ef87c0880906    33 seconds ago    linux/amd64    57.5 MiB     16.7 MiB
<none>                                                             <none>     d89b6c6a8ecc    29 seconds ago    linux/amd64    66.9 MiB     20.5 MiB
<none>                                                             <none>     28c0deb96fd8    37 seconds ago    linux/amd64    121.3 MiB    30.7 MiB
<none>                                                             <none>     7031c1b28338    27 seconds ago    linux/amd64    732.0 KiB    314.0 KiB
<none>                                                             <none>     dd75ec974b0a    11 seconds ago    linux/amd64    289.3 MiB    97.8 MiB
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　4、k8s集群初始化

　　master节点初始化

root@k8s-master01:~# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.71 \
>              --apiserver-bind-port=6443 \
>              --kubernetes-version=v1.26.3 \
>              --pod-network-cidr=10.100.0.0/16 \
>              --service-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \
>              --service-dns-domain=cluster.local \
>              --image-repository="registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers" \
>              --ignore-preflight-errors=swap
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.26.3
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01.ik8s.cc kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.200.0.1 192.168.0.71]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01.ik8s.cc localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.71 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master01.ik8s.cc localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.71 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 7.504393 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01.ik8s.cc as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master01.ik8s.cc as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: xc1xea.briuce4ykh8qulcn
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.71:6443 --token xc1xea.briuce4ykh8qulcn \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ef06b68c35354849f25b985efb36eefc91dbc6cc1a7591537dd563cfd13e7504 
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：如果你能看到类似上述信息，表示k8smaster节点初始化成功；

　　创建用户家目录/.kube目录，并复制配置文件

root@k8s-master01:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
root@k8s-master01:~# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master01:~# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　验证kubectl工具是否可用？

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get nodes 
NAME                   STATUS     ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01.ik8s.cc   NotReady   control-plane   79s   v1.26.3
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pods -n kube-system 
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-5bbd96d687-822lh                       0/1     Pending   0          71s
coredns-5bbd96d687-mxvth                       0/1     Pending   0          71s
etcd-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc                      1/1     Running   0          85s
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc            1/1     Running   0          85s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc   1/1     Running   0          87s
kube-proxy-bt79n                               1/1     Running   0          71s
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc            1/1     Running   0          85s
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：能够看到上述信息，表示kubectl工具使用是没有问题的；

　　加入node节点

root@k8s-node01:~# kubeadm join 192.168.0.71:6443 --token xc1xea.briuce4ykh8qulcn \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ef06b68c35354849f25b985efb36eefc91dbc6cc1a7591537dd563cfd13e7504 
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

root@k8s-node01:~#

　　提示：能够看到上述信息，表示节点加入成功；

　　验证：在master节点使用kubectl get nodes命令，看看对应节点是否都加入集群？

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME                   STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01.ik8s.cc   NotReady   control-plane   4m31s   v1.26.3
k8s-node01.ik8s.cc     NotReady   <none>          68s     v1.26.3
k8s-node02.ik8s.cc     NotReady   <none>          69s     v1.26.3
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：能够看到有两个节点现在已经加入集群；但是状态是notready，这是因为集群还没有部署网络插件；

　　5、部署网络组组件calico

　　下载网络插件calico的部署清单

root@k8s-master01:~# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate
--2023-04-13 12:56:42--  https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml
Resolving docs.projectcalico.org (docs.projectcalico.org)... 34.142.149.67, 52.74.166.77, 2406:da18:880:3800::c8, ...
Connecting to docs.projectcalico.org (docs.projectcalico.org)|34.142.149.67|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
Location: https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml [following]
--2023-04-13 12:56:43--  https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml
Resolving docs.tigera.io (docs.tigera.io)... 34.126.184.144, 18.139.194.139, 2406:da18:880:3800::c8, ...
Connecting to docs.tigera.io (docs.tigera.io)|34.126.184.144|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 238089 (233K) [text/yaml]
Saving to: ‘calico.yaml’

calico.yaml                                100%[=======================================================================================>] 232.51K  28.6KB/s    in 8.1s    

2023-04-13 12:56:52 (28.6 KB/s) - ‘calico.yaml’ saved [238089/238089]

root@k8s-master01:~#

　　修改calica.yaml

　　提示：这个配置必须和集群初始化指定的pod网络相同；

　　在calica.yaml中指定网卡信息

　　提示：这个根据自己环境中服务器的网卡名称来指定；我这里服务器都是ens33；需要注意的是，修改yaml文件一定要注意格式缩进；

　　查看calico所需镜像

root@k8s-master01:~# cat calico.yaml |grep image:
          image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.25.0
          image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.25.0
          image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.25.0
          image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.25.0
          image: docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.25.0
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提前下载镜像

root@k8s-master01:~# nerdctl pull docker.io/calico/cni:v3.25.0
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/calico/cni:v3.25.0:                                                     resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:a38d53cb8688944eafede2f0eadc478b1b403cefeff7953da57fe9cd2d65e977:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:ec0fa42b4d03398995800b44131b200aee2c76354d405d5d91689ec99cc70c56: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:d70a5947d57e5ab3340d126a38e6ae51bd9e8e0b342daa2012e78d8868bed5b7:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:4f4fb700ef54461cfa02571ae0db9a0dc1e0cdb5577484a6d75e68dc38e8acc1:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:8833c0c1f858ee768478151ab71b3b0a3eeae160963b7d006c05ec9b493e8940:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:8729f736e48f5c644d03591958297cd4c1942b5aaf451074f8cd80bac898149a:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:79eb57bec78a8d14d1085acffe5577fe88b470d38dde295a1aba66d17e663d61:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:bc84ed7b6a651f36d1486db36f1c2c1181b6c14463ea310823e6c2f69d0af100:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:84d025afc533dc367b05ee95125697adff781f24ef1366c522d8d7f65df0319b:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:ae5822c70daca619af58b197f6a3ea6f7cac1b785f6fbea673fb37be4853f6d5:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:df79b6dbf625547000b30f4c62ac5c5133fcb22b7d85d16b6f4bbb3c7733fc27:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:5e4c3414e9caf71bcc544ba2d483d0f05818e82c6a1b900e55ccea1c635fbd7b:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 31.5s                                                                    total:  83.9 M (2.7 MiB/s)                                       
root@k8s-master01:~# nerdctl pull docker.io/calico/node:v3.25.0
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/calico/node:v3.25.0:                                                    resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:a85123d1882832af6c45b5e289c6bb99820646cb7d4f6006f98095168808b1e6:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:56db28c3632192f56a1ff1360b83ef640fc8f41fa21a83126194811713e2f022: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:08616d26b8e74867402274687491e5978ba4a6ded94e9f5ecc3e364024e5683e:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:4044e890e577f930490efd4f931549733818f28b5d5f8c63f47617e19a48a177:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:2db093bd3f50f881bd382b13a13d661699ca335fea1a83d167528f85db2e74cd:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 39.9s                                                                    total:  83.1 M (2.1 MiB/s)                                       
root@k8s-master01:~# nerdctl pull docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.25.0
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.25.0:                                        resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:c45af3a9692d87a527451cf544557138fedf86f92b6e39bf2003e2fdb848dce3:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:095484425365e4eac24abfdd28ba14d133ffcc782c36b5d4f08533ef75ee91e4: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:5e785d005ccc1ab22527a783835cf2741f6f5f385a8956144c661f8c23ae9d78:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:a26da0f61ecbf48440a5921ea6bc8bafbebc76f139cb43387e6e6a3987505fda:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:0a74accf7d2383a32999addc064ca91f45ad9c94fda36ffe19b58110cf6c43eb:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:cbb0c534f93adbeeb07299bec2596c609cc5828830830fd3b8897580f6d9ff50:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:107bccf16111c3f6c222bd3979f1fbd9102b2cf8b6d205a3fbaf5dabe7ecfc71:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:45e5e2183223e3fb71640062e7bf8e22d72906dc71118746f3b83ba69c550d14:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:9f79d0f3e4006841b078828fb7c68d1c974236839d25c45aaaf06445033a79dc:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:c5c5f58ee63d0b207f01342606edd6f09c09e49e46bb4d990edbc44f5f4beac5:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:4b89205dc639f7d14e32893b3a4051fe6f7f6e8ed4848a74c2c7531038fce120:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:afd04547218a7eed341a7ef3b72bbac362970a4c429b348e7b71b47995cf48ed:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:7bc3468f50bc15474a6d5c338778467c7680043a3bac13b0789f6bda3c9c8c50:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:1724dd4f31db707f61068ee56a270ece4fa8f604b64935cf02fc5a9dac7da88d:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:b57460b249bbbb3e002c07b80d4311a42a8c2ce6ca25fc7c68a3d240afc290be:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:ec7526ad34c20113824da392a3ff4646f38cd5c884ad2871817b1271cf272afe:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 78.1s                                                                    total:  29.8 M (391.0 KiB/s)                                     
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　在k8smaster上应用calica部署清单

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　验证：查看pod是否正常running?node是否都准备就绪？

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME                   STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
k8s-master01.ik8s.cc   Ready    control-plane   44m   v1.26.3
k8s-node01.ik8s.cc     Ready    <none>          40m   v1.26.3
k8s-node02.ik8s.cc     Ready    <none>          40m   v1.26.3
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-57b57c56f-nmr7d        1/1     Running   0          39s
kube-system   calico-node-42rcw                              1/1     Running   0          39s
kube-system   calico-node-lwn5w                              1/1     Running   0          39s
kube-system   calico-node-zcnzb                              1/1     Running   0          39s
kube-system   coredns-5bbd96d687-822lh                       1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   coredns-5bbd96d687-mxvth                       1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc                      1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc            1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc   1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   kube-proxy-67kjq                               1/1     Running   0          41m
kube-system   kube-proxy-bt79n                               1/1     Running   0          44m
kube-system   kube-proxy-l2zz8                               1/1     Running   0          41m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master01.ik8s.cc            1/1     Running   0          44m
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提示：能够看到上述node和pod都处ready状态表示网络插件部署完成；这里需要注意一点的是，如果calico-kube-controllers被调度到非master节点上运行的话，需要拷贝master节点用户家目录下.kube/config文件到node节点上~/.kube/config，因为calico-kube-controllers初始化需要连接到k8s集群上，没有这个文件认证通不过会导致calico-kube-controllers初始化不成功；

　　复制master家目录的下的.kube目录到node节点，防止calico-kube-controllers调度到node节点初始化不成功

root@k8s-node02:~# scp 192.168.0.71:/root/.kube/config ./.kube/
config                                                                                                                                   100% 5636     5.2MB/s   00:00    
root@k8s-node02:~#

　　提示：node3也是相同的操作；

　　6、部署官方dashboard

　　下载官方dashboard部署清单

root@k8s-master01:~# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

　　查看清单所需镜像

root@k8s-master01:~# mv recommended.yaml dashboard-v2.7.0.yaml
root@k8s-master01:~# cat dashboard-v2.7.0.yaml|grep image:
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　提前下载所需镜像

root@k8s-node01:~# nerdctl pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0:                                          resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:2e500d29e9d5f4a086b908eb8dfe7ecac57d2ab09d65b24f588b1d449841ef93:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:ca93706ef4e400542202d620b8094a7e4e568ca9b1869c71b053cdf8b5dc3029: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:07655ddf2eebe5d250f7a72c25f638b27126805d61779741b4e62e69ba080558:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:8e052fd7e2d0aec4ef51e4505d006158414775ad5f0ea3e479ac0ba92f90dfff:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:ee3247c7e545df975ba3826979c7a8d73f1373cbb3ac47def3b734631cef2965:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 61.8s                                                                    total:  72.3 M (1.2 MiB/s)                                       
root@k8s-node01:~# nerdctl pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8
WARN[0000] skipping verifying HTTPS certs for "docker.io" 
docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8:                                    resolved       |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
index-sha256:76049887f07a0476dc93efc2d3569b9529bf982b22d29f356092ce206e98765c:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
manifest-sha256:43227e8286fd379ee0415a5e2156a9439c4056807e3caa38e1dd413b0644807a: done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
config-sha256:115053965e86b2df4d78af78d7951b8644839d20a03820c6df59a261103315f7:   done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:5866d2c04d960790300cbd8b18d67be6b930870d044dd75849c8c96191fe7580:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
layer-sha256:978be80e3ee3098e11be2b18322822513d692988440ec1e74620e8539b07704d:    done           |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| 
elapsed: 52.1s                                                                    total:  18.8 M (370.1 KiB/s)                                     
root@k8s-node01:~#

　　应用配置清单

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl apply -f dashboard-v2.7.0.yaml 
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　验证pod是否都running？

　　提示：能够看到这两个pod正常running，表示dashboard部署成功；

　　创建用户和密钥

root@k8s-master01:~# cat admin-user.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
root@k8s-master01:~# cat admin-secret.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
metadata:
  name: dashboard-admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard 
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: "admin-user"
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　应用及配置清单

root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl apply -f admin-user.yaml 
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created
root@k8s-master01:~# kubectl apply -f admin-secret.yaml          
secret/dashboard-admin-user created
root@k8s-master01:~#

　　验证：查看admin-user的token信息

　　提示：在集群上能够查到上述用户和token信息，表示我们创建用户和secret成功；

　　查看dashboard服务

　　提示：从上图可以看到dashboard通过nodeport将主机30000端口和pod的443端口绑定，这告诉我们访问集群任意节点的30000端口都可以访问到dashboard；

　　验证：通过访问集群任意节点的30000端口，看看是否能够访问到dashboard？

　　通过token登录dashboard

　　提示：能够通过token登录到dashboard，能够看到集群相关信息，说明dashboard部署没有问题，同时基于container和kubeadm部署的k8s集群也没有问题；

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基于Containerd容器引擎和kubeadm工具部署K8sv1.26.3

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